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4G, the fourth generation mobile communication technology. It is based on the continuous optimization and upgrading of 3G communication technology, integrates the advantages of 3G communication technology, and derives a series of its own inherent characteristics. With WLAN technology as the development focus, it can be said that it was born for Internet access. The innovation of 4G communication technology gives it a greater competitive advantage compared with 3G communication technology. First of all, 4G communication can realize high-definition transmission of original pictures and original videos in the transmission of pictures and videos, and its transmission quality is comparable to that of computer pictures; The speed can reach up to tens of megabits per second, which is not possible with 3G communication technology, and is also a significant advantage of 4G communication technology; this fast download mode can bring us a better communication experience, and it is also convenient for our daily learning. Downloading of learning materials; at the same time, in the context of the rapid and convenient development of the network, users have also put forward higher requirements for traffic costs.
NB-IOT, mobile communication is moving from the connection of people to people, to the connection of people and things and things to things. However, the current 4G network is insufficient in the connection ability of things and things. It is in this context that NB- IOT was conceived and born. NB-IOT, commonly known as 4.5G, in addition to having a peak rate of up to 1Gbps, also means more connections based on cellular IoT, support for M2M connections, lower latency, and ultra-low power consumption. Cellular IoT is opening up a market that has never been seen before.
Power module

Antenna

Sensor

Below we will combine some specific application scenarios to analyze which solution is the best.

Electricity meter reading:
The traditional electricity meter reading requires a special person to knock on the door to check the electricity meter, which is a troublesome thing for both the power company and the user. Now all users use prepaid point cards, which saves the trouble of checking the meter, but for power companies, statistical data and real-time monitoring have become a problem, so remote power meter reading was born. Both 4G and NB can be used for remote power meter reading, but considering the small amount of power meter reading data and low requirements for data transmission rate, and combined with cost issues, it is more appropriate to use the NB solution.

The power data is collected by the substation acquisition module (meter), then sent to the substation (GPRSDTU) through the RS485/RS232 interface, and finally uploaded to the power company's server through the NB network, and then the use of electricity can be counted in real time. Happening.

River water level monitoring:
In order to ensure the smooth work of flood control, relying on current computer technology and good sensing technology, a river water level monitoring system is established to conduct unmanned remote monitoring of river water levels in real time, and transmit data to departments at all levels to achieve scientific early warning, timely flood discharge, and reduce losses. ,Improve efficiency. The next road is the structural block diagram of a typical water level monitoring system:

The amount of data collected by the river water level monitoring is not enough, but the river is generally far away from the power supply system. The river data acquisition device is generally powered by solar cells or ordinary batteries, which has certain requirements for power consumption. It is recommended to use the NB solution. Of course, if Power supply is convenient, and 4G solutions can also be used.

Bridge Inspection:
Bridge detection is to use the sensor to sense the physical quantity signal of the object to be measured, and convert the sensed signal into electrical signal output according to certain rules; then use the automatic acquisition device to collect the electrical signal of the sensor, and use the wireless data transmission module to upload the data. to the remote server for information processing, storage, display, recording, analysis and control.
When testing bridges, we often test stress, displacement, cracks, temperature and humidity, acceleration, etc. Through the detected parameters, we can understand the real-time usage of the bridge, and can respond to various abnormal situations. . Here we make a brief description of stress detection. Commonly used stress measurement sensors are: force sensors, steel stressors, bow strain sensors, resistive displacement sensors, etc. The figure below is the structure diagram of the stress detection.

Bridge detection can detect a number of physical parameters of the bridge, and can also make statistics on the vehicle flow of the bridge, and the collected data is large. Managers sometimes need to remotely configure the sensitivity of the acquisition device, etc., and need to do many flexible applications. At this time, it is recommended to use a 4G solution with higher performance.  

Bluetooth, a short-range wireless communication technology standard, was named by the "Bluetooth Special Interest Group" (SIG) established in 1998 to integrate the standards of major brands. SIG is the predecessor of the Bluetooth SIG. With the development of wireless technology, the Internet of Things application market is booming, and Bluetooth technology also plays an irreplaceable role in it and is constantly improving. After about 20 years, the Bluetooth module has been updated from the original 1.0 version to the 5.3 version so far, with a total of five versions. CAN Bluetooth technology first appeared to replace the cable between devices and solve the problem of data transmission of incompatible mobile devices.

Version 1.0 was officially announced in 1999, and it was determined to use the 2.4GHz spectrum with a maximum data transmission speed of 1Mbps. After its launch, there were few devices with Bluetooth functions and the price was relatively high, and only high-end devices such as mobile phones were equipped.

After several years of development, there are more than 2,000 SIG members, and electronic equipment using Bluetooth technology has mushroomed, and the price has also dropped significantly. In order to expand the application level and transmission speed of the Bluetooth module, because of the wireless transmission speed of 1Mbps, its effective data transmission speed is about 723.2kbps. SIG has successively launched versions 1.2, 2.0 and other additional new features, such as EDR (Enhanced Data Rate, which, in line with the 2.0 technical standard, increases the maximum transmission speed to 3Mbps), A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile, a control track distribution technology, mainly applied to stereo headphones), AVRCP (A/V Remote Control Profile), etc. Bluetooth 2.0 increases the transmission rate to 2Mbps and 3Mbps, far greater than the 1Mbps of version 1.x. At this time, there are more electronic devices using Bluetooth modules, including many mobile devices such as mobile phones, notebooks, and desktops, and peripheral devices such as wireless headsets, wireless speakers, mice, keyboards, and printers.

The above are the first three generations of Bluetooth technology standards. The main feature is wireless high-speed data transmission between devices, such as music, video, files, etc., short distances and high power consumption. At the same time, it also establishes one-to-one device communication with a point-to-point network topology.

For example, middle-aged wireless meter reading, gas detection and other button-type battery applications in IoT applications and low-power devices such as smart bracelets all have low power consumption requirements. On July 7, 2010, the Bluetooth SIG launched the Blue Module 4.0 protocol specification. Its most important feature is to support power saving. There are also the 4.1 and 4.2 versions of the Bluetooth transmission protocol after that. The multi-device connection supported is an important progress of Bluetooth in the Internet of Things. Using Bluetooth devices can be used for star networking.

The Bluetooth module 5.0 protocol was released in June 2016. The effective transmission distance will be 4 times that of the 4.2LE version, and the transmission speed will be 2 times that of the 4.2LE version (the speed limit is 24Mbps). Bluetooth 5.0 also supports indoor positioning and navigation (combined with WiFi, indoor positioning with an accuracy of less than 1 meter can be achieved), allowing data from beacons (such as advertisements, Beacon, location information, etc., Power module to be received without pairing, the transmission rate is increased by 8 times), for the Internet of Things Lots of low-level optimizations done. At the same time, it supports Bluetooth mesh as a mesh network topology, which is different from the star network of the fourth-generation Bluetooth, making it a step further in applications such as smart cities and smart homes in the Internet of Things.

With the development of Internet of Things applications, in the face of the IOT market, Bluetooth technology is also growing rapidly. It shows its strength in power consumption, number of connections, transmission speed and distance, security and other aspects.  

Apple Inc spent years building China into a US$44 billion growth driver. Then the US president last week cast all that in doubt.


IPhone loyalists across China are now reconsidering their attachment to the device after Donald Trump issued an executive order last week barring US companies from doing business with WeChat, the super-app that has become integral to everyday life in the country. Scheduled to come into effect in roughly five weeks, the ban threatens to turn iPhones into expensive “electronic trash,”said Hong Kong resident Kenny Ou, who sees WeChat as one of the most essential software on his handset.

READ MORE:US' WeChat ban brings cold war with China into a billion homes

On Wednesday, Tencent executives on a post-earnings conference call stressed they believed the ban applied only to WeChat in the US and shouldn’t affect its modbus over rs485 Chinese cousin, known as Weixin. But they added that they themselves were still seeking clarity, and the sweeping language of Trump’s order means it could still spell trouble for Apple.

A survey on the twitter-like Weibo service asking consumers to choose between WeChat and their iPhones has drawn more than 1.2 million responses so far, with roughly 95 percent of participants saying they would rather give up their devices

The US company has just come off a strong quarter in China, its most important international market and where it is facing intensifying competition from local Android rivals like Huawei Technologies Co — which, unlike Apple and its locked-down app stores, are free to either offer WeChat directly or allow their users access to download it themselves. The Cupertino company’s strategy of tapping first-time buyers and wooing back consumers with cheaper devices like the iPhone SE could be entirely derailed if it can’t offer WeChat and US-China trade tensions continue to worsen.


Tencent Holdings Ltd’s flagship app connects a billion users globally and is used for everything from chatting with friends to shopping for movie and train tickets to paying restaurant and utility bills. While questions remain on how Trump’s orders will be implemented, any ban on the use of WeChat threatens to cut off a key communication link between China and the rest of the world and prevent US companies like Starbucks Corp and WalMart Inc. from reaching consumers in the world’s second-largest economy.

If Apple was forced to remove the service from its global app stores, iPhone annual shipments will decline 25 percent to 30 percent while other hardware, including AirPods, iPad, Apple Watch and Mac computers, may fall 15 percent-25 percent, TF International Securities analyst Kuo Ming-chi estimated in a research note. Apple didn’t immediately respond to Bloomberg News’ requests for comment.

A survey on the twitter-like Weibo service asking consumers to choose between WeChat and their iPhones has drawn more than 1.2 million responses so far, with roughly 95 percent of participants saying they would rather give up their devices. “The ban will force a lot of Chinese users to switch from Apple to other brands because WeChat is really important for us,” said Sky Ding, who works in fintech in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and originally hails from Xi’an. “My family in China are all used to WeChat and all our communication is on the platform.”

Customers browse inside an Apple Inc store in Hong Kong, China, on Jan 3, 2019. (ANTHONY KWAN / BLOOMBERG)

Apple’s iPhones were first launched in China in 2009, two years after sales began in the US, and the company has shipped more than 210 million units in the country over the past five years, according to Bloomberg calculations based on IDC data. More than a fifth of all smartphone users in China used an iPhone as of June, second only to Huawei at 26 percent, according to researcher QuestMobile. The company has 42 stores in the country that also hosts most of the world’s iPhone manufacturing. And at its peak, China accounted for 25 percent of Apple’s revenue though that share slipped to 17 percent in the last fiscal year, with sales in the region amounting to roughly US$43.7 billion.

ALSO READ:Washington urged to stop action against Chinese apps

Apple had been counting on the next generation of its flagship handset — expected to be launched in October and the first in the series to feature 5G — to woo potential customers like Vincent Han, a Shanghai-based commodities trader who had been planning to replace his Huawei handset with an iPhone. He’s since nixed those plans and is considering alternatives including Samsung Electronics Co

I’m worried that WeChat will be banned on the iPhone. This will affect my work to a large extent, as 90 percent of my clients and colleagues communicate via WeChat

Vincent Han, Shanghai-based commodities trader

“I’m worried that WeChat will be banned on the iPhone. This will affect my work to a large extent, as 90 percent of my clients and colleagues communicate via WeChat,” said Han. “Still, even Samsung’s Android operating system is developed by Google and I’m concerned the Android platform will also bar WeChat.”


Ready to fill the iPhone void will be a legion of high-spec, high-value 5G devices from local brands Xiaomi Corp, Oppo and Vivo as well as market leader Huawei. Xiaomi just announced the Mi 10 Ultra flagship, destined solely for China, and it has a full portfolio of devices to replace Apple’s range, including fitness-tracking watches, wireless earphones, tablets and laptops.

Ou, an engineering student, is one of the millions of die-hard Apple fans in China who may need to make a difficult choice between his beloved iPhone and the ubiquitous app. “All my products are from Apple — my Macbook, iPad, iPhone and even AirPods,” he said in an interview from his hometown of Shanghai. “Apple has created a robust linkage of their products and made me heavily reliant on their brand. It would be a tremendous disaster to my studies and work if such a ban was imposed.”